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Political Summary 

of the 

United States 

1789•1920 

By 

Ernest Fletcher Clymer 

it 


★ 


Chandler & Company 

INCORPORATE? 

New York Philadelphia Boston 


CL 

C 


1 ^ 20 ^ 




Copyright, 1920 

CHANDLER & COMPANY, INC. 
New York Philadelphia Boston * 


Gift 

Publisher 

£ 23 




CONTENTS 

★ ★ 

★ 

Early Government and the Ele&oral System 

Concise Biographies of the Presidents 

Political Parties and their Origin 

Political Parties in Order 
of their Appearance 

Presidential Elections 


r “\ 


N< 


75 



HE number of people who will 


A vote for a presidential candidate 
this year, 1920, will greatly surpass 
all previous records, while the number 
who will require political information 
and figures for convenient reference 
will be equal at least to the majority 
of those who will cast a ballot. 


Early Government and the 
Electoral System 

★ 

T HE Revolutionary War began with the 
battle of Lexington, April 19, 1775, although 
the exciting causes had been accumulating for a 
decade. In 1765 the Stamp Act was enacted 
which gave vent to the Declaration of Rights 
issued on October 9 of that year. March 5, 1770, 
the Boston Massacre occurred and in December, 
1773, the Boston Tea Party was held. 

By this time the colonies were thinking war 
and talking war and as a consequence the first 
Continental Congress was convened in Philadel¬ 
phia September 5, 1774. Therefore, when the 
war broke out, 1775, a make-shift colonial gov¬ 
ernment was in operation. The same year Ben¬ 
jamin Franklin submitted his Articles of Confed¬ 
eration as a plan of government during the w’ar. 
Following the organization of this necessary leg¬ 
islative body, the Declaration of Independence 
was framed and signed, July 4, 1776, and with 
this document as a guide and inspiration, together 
with the activities of the Congress, functioning 
under the Articles of Confederation as adopted, 
the new republic in the making was served after 
a fashion until the Constitution became the su¬ 
preme law of the commonwealth, March 4, 1789. 

The President of each Congress was to all 
intents and purposes the President of the Re¬ 
public. The occupancy of office varied all the 
way from a part of a year to three years. In all 
fourteen held this office. 


[ 3 ] 


The United States set the first example of a 
constitutional form of government conferring 
practically full power upon the majority. 

The Constitution in its original form provide i 
that the candidates for President and Vice-Presi¬ 
dent were to be voted for in the electoral college 
of each state without disclosing intentions as to 
choice for first and second place on the ticket. 
After the vote the several states transmitted the 
result to the seat of government direct to the 
President of the Senate who counted the certifi¬ 
cates before a joint session of the Senate and 
House. The candidate having a majority of the 
whole number of votes cast was declared Presi¬ 
dent, the one receiving the next highest number 
of votes became Vice-President. 

This system of electing presidential candidates 
continued for fifteen years, when the method was 
changed to the one now operative and as embod¬ 
ied in the twelfth amendment of the Constitution 
as proposed on December 12, 1803, and ratified 
in 1804. 

The members of the electoral college in each 
state are “equal to the whole number of Senators 
and Representatives to which the state may be 
entitled in the Congress.” 

The framing of the Constitution was by no 
means a pacific task, and Article II relating to 
presidential elections was in debate from May 29, 
1787, until September 12, when it was reported 
out of committee appointed to revise its style and 
arrangement, and on the 17th of September, 1787, 
the Constitutional Convention adjourned. The 
supporters of the Constitution, the Federalists, 
were not even certain of what it would accom- 


[ 4 ] 


plish, but as Hamilton said, “there was a 'chance 
for good’ in it” and declared that chance should 
be taken. 

By December the several states had begun to 
consider its adoption and on the 7th, Delaware 
unanimously ratified it. Pennsylvania, December 
12 , came next with a vote of 46 to 23; New Jersey 
unanimously on the 18th, and on January 2, 1788, 
Georgia cast a full vote. January 9, Connecticut 
voted 128 to 40. February 6, Massachusetts 187 
to 168. April 28, Maryland 63 to 12. May 23, 
South Carolina 149 to 73, and on June 21, 1788, 
New Hampshire decided the issue by a vote of 
57 to 46. 

Thus the Constitution came into being, since 
the consent of nine states was necessary to make 
it a law. 

Four days later, July 25, Virginia came into 
the fold with a vote of 89 to 79. The next day, 
New York, 30 to 28, and on November 21, North 
Carolina made its decision. 

Rhode Island was more obdurate than the rest, 
holding out against its adoption until May 29, 
1790, more than a year after the new republic 
was a going concern. 

On March 4, 1789, in the City of New York, 
the new government of the United States began 
business, and this date is duly celebrated as 
inauguration day. 


[ 5 ] 


* 



Concise Biographies of the Presidents 

Twenty-Eight Presidents , 1789-1920 

★ 

1. GEORGE WASHINGTON —Federalist 

Inaugurated April 30, 1789. Aged 57. 

Terra of office, 7 years, 10 months, 4 days. 

Residence, Mount Vernon, Va. 

Born February 22, 1732, Bridges Creek, Va. 

Died December 14, 1799. Aged 67. 

College, none. Surveyor and planter. Parentage, 
English. Father, Augustine Washington, planter. Buried, 
Mount Vernon, Va. 


2. JOHN ADAMS —Federalist 

Inaugurated March 4, 1797. Aged 61. 

Term of office, 4 years. 

Residence, Quincy, Mass. 

Born October 30, 1735, Braintree, Mass. 

Died July 4, 1826. Aged 90. 

Harvard graduate. Lawyer. Parentage, English. 
Father, John Adams, farmer. Buried, Quincy, Mass. 


3. THOMAS JEFFERSON —Republican 

Inaugurated March 4, 1801. Aged 57. 

Term of office, 8 years. 

Residence, Monticello, Va. 

Born April 13, 1743, Shadwell, Va. 

Died July 4, 1826, aged 83. 

William and Mary College graduate. Lawyer. Par¬ 
entage, Welsh. Father, Peter Jefferson, planter. Buried, 
Monticello, Va. 


[ 6 ] 


4. JAMES MADISON— Republican 

Inaugurated March 4, 1809. Aged 57. 

Term of office, 8 years. 

Residence, Montpelier, Va. 

Born March 16, 1751, Port Conway, Va. 

Died June 28, 1836, aged 85. 

Princeton graduate. Lawyer. Parentage, English. 
Father, James Madison, planter. Buried, Montpelier, Va. 

5. JAMES MONROE —Republican 

Inaugurated March 4, 1817. Aged 58. 

Term of office, 8 years. 

Residence, Oak Hill, Va. 

Born April 28, 1758, Monroe’s Creek, Va. 

Died July 4, 1831, aged 73. 

William and Mary College graduate. Lawyer. Par¬ 
entage, Scotch. Father, Spence Monroe, planter. Buried, 
Richmond, Va. 

6 . JOHN QUINCY ADAMS —Republican 

Inaugurated March 4, 1825. Aged 57. 

Term of office, 4 years. 

Residence, Quincy, Mass. 

Born July 11, 1767, Braintree, Mass. 

Died February 23, 1848, aged 80. 

Harvard graduate. Lawyer. Parentage, English. 
Father, John Adams, lawyer. Buried, Quincy, Mass. 

7. ANDREW JACKSON —Democrat 

Inaugurated March 4, 1829. Aged 61. 

Term of office, 8 years. 

Residence, Hermitage, Tenn. 

Born March 15, 1767, Cureton’s Pond, N. C. 

Died June 8, 1845, aged 78. 

College, none. Lawyer. Parentage, Scotch-Irish. 
Father, Andrew Jackson, farmer. Buried, Hermitage, 
Tenn. 


[ 7 ] 








8 . MARTIN VAN BUREN —Democrat 
Inaugurated March 4, 1837. Aged 54. 

Term of office, 4 years. 

Residence, Kinderhook, N. Y. 

Born December 5, 1782, Kinderhook, N. Y. 

Died July 24, 1862, aged 79. 

College, none. Lawyer. Parentage, Dutch. Father, 
Abraham Van Buren, farmer. Buried, Kinderhook, N. Y. 

9. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON —Whig 
Inaugurated March 4, 1841. Aged 68. 

Term of office, 1 month. 

Residence, North Bend, Ohio. 

Born February 9, 1773, Berkeley, Va. 

Died April 4, 1841, aged 68. 

Hampden-Sidney graduate. Farmer. Parentage, Eng¬ 
lish. Father, Benjamin Harrison, statesman. Buried, 
North Bend, Ohio. 

10. JOHN TYLER —Whig 
Inaugurated April 6, 1841. Aged 51. 

Term of office, 3 years, 11 months. 

Residence, Williamsburg, Va. 

Born March 29, 1790, Greenway, Va. 

Died January 17, 1862. Aged 71. 

William and Mary graduate. Lawyer. Parentage, 
English. Father, John Tyler, lawyer. Buried, Rich¬ 
mond, Va. 


11. JAMES K. POLK —Democrat 
Inaugurated March 4, 1845. Aged 49. 

Term of office, 4 years. 

Residence, Nashville, Tenn. 

Born November 2, 1795, Pineville, N. C. 

Died June 15, 1849, aged 53. 

University of North Carolina graduate. Lawyer. Par¬ 
entage, Scotch-Irish. Father, Samuel Polk, farmer. 
Buried, Nashville, Tenn. 


[ 8 ] 


12. ZACHARY TAYLOR —Whig 

Inaugurated March 5, 1849. Aged 64. 

Term of office, 1 year, 4 months. 

Residence, Baton Rouge, La. 

Born November 24, 1784, Orange Court House, Va. 
Died July 9, 1850, aged 65. 

College, none. Army. Parentage, English. Father, 
Richard Taylor, planter. Buried, Springfield, Ky. 

13. MILLARD FILLMORE —Whig 

Inaugurated July 9, 1850. Aged 50. 

Term of office, 2 years, 8 months. 

Residence, Buffalo, N. Y. 

Born January 7, 1800, Locke, N. Y. 

Died March 8, 1874. Aged 74. 

College, none. Lawyer. Parentage, English. Father, 
Nathaniel Fillmore, farmer. Buried, Buffalo, N. Y. 

14. FRANKLIN PIERCE —Democrat 

Inaugurated March 4, 1853. Aged 48. 

Term of office, 4 years. 

Residence, Concord, N. H. 

Born November 23, 1804, Hillsborough, N. H. 

Died October 8, 1869, aged 64. 

Bowdoin graduate. Lawyer. Parentage, English. 
Father, Benjamin Pierce, farmer. Buried, Concord, N. H. 

15. JAMES BUCHANAN —Democrat 

Inaugurated March 4, 1857. Aged 65. 

Term of office, 4 years. 

Residence, Wheatland, Pa. 

Born April 23, 1791, Cove Gap, Pa. 

Died June 1, 1868. Aged 77. 

Dickinson graduate. Lawyer. Parentage, Scotch- 
Irish. Father, James Buchanan, merchant. Buried, 
Lancaster, Pa. 


[ 9 ] 






16. ABRAHAM LINCOLN —Republican 

Inaugurated March 4, 1861. Aged 52. 

Term of office, 4 years, 1 month, 11 days. 

Residence, Springfield, Ill. 

Born February 12, 1809, Hodgenville, Ky. 

Died April 15, 1865. Aged 56. 

College, none. Lawyer. Parentage, English. Father, 
Thomas Lincoln, farmer. Buried, Springfield, Ill. 

17. ANDREW JOHNSON —Republican 

Inaugurated April 15, 1865. Aged 56. 

Term of office, 3 years, 10 months. 

Residence, Greenville, Tenn. 

Born December 29, 1808, Raleigh, N. C. 

Died July 31, 1875, aged 66. 

College, none. Tailor. Parentage, English. Father, 
Jacob Johnson, sexton. Buried, Greenville, Tenn. 

18. ULYSSES S. GRANT —Republican 

Inaugurated March 4, 1869. Aged 46. 

Term of office, 8 years. 

Residence, Washington, D. C. 

Born April 27, 1822, Point Pleasant, Ohio. 

Died July 23, 1885, aged 63. 

West Point graduate. Army. Parentage, Scotch. 
Father, Jesse R. Grant, tanner. Buried, Riverside Park, 
New York City. 

19. RUTHERFORD B. HAYES —Republican 

Inaugurated March 5, 1877. Aged 54. 

Term of office, 4 years. 

Residence, Fremont, Ohio. 

Born, October 4, 1822, Delaware, Ohio. 

Died January 17, 1893, aged 70. 

Kenyon graduate. Lawyer. Parentage, Scotch. Father, 
Rutherford Hayes, merchant. Buried, Fremont, Ohio. 

[ 10 ] 


20. JAMES A. GARFIELD —Republican 

Inaugurated March 4, 1881. Aged 49. 

Term of office, 6 months, 15 days. 

Residence, Mentor, Ohio. 

Born November 19, 1831, Orange Township, Ohio. 
Died September 19, 1881, aged 49. 

Williams graduate. Lawyer. Parentage, English. 
Father, Abram Garfield, farmer. Buried, Cleveland, Ohio. 

21. CHESTER A. ARTHUR —Republican 

Inaugurated September 20, 1881. Aged 50. 

Term of office, 3 years, 5 months. 

Residence, New York, N. Y. 

Born October 5, 1830, Fairfield, Vt. 

Died November 18, 1886. Aged 56. 

Union graduate. Lawyer. Parentage, Scotch-Irish. 
Father, William Arthur, clergyman. Buried, Albany, 
N. Y. 


22. GROVER CLEVELAND —Democrat 

Inaugurated March 4, 1885. Aged 47. 

Term of office, 4 years. 

Residence, Buffalo, N. Y. 

Born March 18, 1837, Caldwell, N. J. 

College, none. Lawyer. Parentage, English. Father, 
Richard F. Cleveland, clergyman. 

23. BENJAMIN HARRISON —Republican 

Inaugurated March 4, 1889. Aged 55. 

Term of office, 4 years. 

Residence, Indianapolis, Ind. 

Born August 20, 1833, North Bend, Ohio. 

Died March 13, 1901, aged 67. 

Miami University graduate. Lawyer. Parentage, 
English. Father, John S. Harrison, farmer. Buried, 
Indianapolis, Ind. 


[ 11 ] 




24. GROVER CLEVELAND —Democrat 

Inaugurated March 4, 1893. Aged 55. 

Term of office, 4 years. 

Residence, Buffalo, N. Y. 

Born March 18, 1837, Caldwell, N. J. 

Died June 24, 1908, aged 71. 

See biography under Presidential number 22. Buried, 
Princeton, N. J. 

25. WILLIAM McKINLEY —Republican 

Inaugurated March 4, 1897. Aged 54. 

Term of office, 4 years, 6 months. 

Residence, Canton, Ohio. 

Born January 29, 1843, Niles, Ohio. 

Died September 14, 1901, aged 58. 

College, none. Lawyer. Parentage, Scotch-Irish. 
Father, William McKinley, manufacturer. Buried, Can¬ 
ton, Ohio. 

26. THEODORE ROOSEVELT —Republican 

Inaugurated September, 1901, and March 4, 1905. Aged 
42 and 46. 

Term of office, 7 years, 5 months, 18 days. 

Residence, Oyster Bay, N. Y. 

Born October 27, 1858, New York City. 

Died January 6, 1919, aged 60. 

Harvard graduate. Statesman. Parentage, Dutch. 
Father, Theodore Roosevelt, merchant. Buried, Oyster 
Bay, N. Y. 

27. WILLIAM H. TAFT —Republican 

Inaugurated March 4, 1909. Aged 51. 

Term of office, 4 years. 

Residence, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Born September 15, 1857, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Yale graduate. Lawyer. Parentage, English. Father, 
Alphonso Taft, lawyer. 


[ 12 ] 



Party 

1800 

Rep. 

*Pres. Thomas Jefferson, Va. 

Rep. 

V.-Pr, Aaron Burr, N. Y. 

Fed. 

John Adams, Mass. 

Fed. 

C. C. Pinckney, S. C. 

Fed. 

John Jay, N. Y. 


Popular 

Vote 


* Declared President by House of Representatives. 


Plural- Elect'l 
ity Vote 

. 73 

. 73 

. 65 

64 

. 1 



1804 


Rep.’ 

Pres. Thomas Jefferson, Va. . 

. 162 

Rep. 

V.-Pr. George Clinton, N. Y. . 

. 162 

Fed. 

Pres. Charles C. Pinckney, S. C. .... 

. 14 


V.-P. Rufus King, N. Y. . 

. 14 


Rep. 

1808 

Pres. James Madison, Va. . 

. 122 

Rep. . 

V.-Pr. George Clinton, N. Y. . 

. 113 

Rep. 

Pres. George Clinton, N. Y. . 

. 6 

Fed. 

Pres. Charles C. Pinckney, S. C. 

. 47 

Fed. 

V.-P. Rufus King, N. Y. . 

. 47 


V.-P. John Langdon, N. H. . 

. 9 


V.-P. Tames Madison, Va. . 

. 3 

Rep. 

V.-P. James Monroe, Va. . 

. 3 



1812 


Rep. 

Pres. James Madison, Va. . 

. 128 

Rep. 

V.-Pr. Elbridge Gerry, Mass. . 

. 131 

Fed. 

Pres. De Witt Clinton, N. Y. . 

. 89 

Fed. 

V.-P. Jared Ingersoll, Pa. . 

. 86 


Rep. 

1816 

Pres. James Monroe, Va. . 

. ... 183 

Rep. 

V.-Pr. Daniel D. Tompkins, N. Y. 

.... 183 

Fed. 

Pres. Rufus King, N. Y. . 

.... 34 

Fed. 

V.-P. John E. Howard, Md. . 

. . .. 22 


V.-P. James Ross, Pa. . 

. . . . 5 


V.-P. John Marshall, Va. . 

4 


V.-P. Robert G, Harper, Md. . 

. . . . 3 


[21 1 






























































Party 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 


Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 


1820 

Popular 

Plural- 

Elect’ 

Vote 

ity 

Vote 

Pres. James Monroe, Va. 

• ••••• 


231 

V.-Pr. Daniel D. Tompkins, N. Y. 



218 

Pres. John Quincy Adams, Mass, 



1 

V.-P. Richard Stockton, N. J. 



8 

V.-P. Daniel Rodney, Del. 



4 

V.-P. Robert G. Harper, Md. 



1 

V.-P. Richard Rush, Pa. 



1 

1824 

Pres. John Q. Adams, Mass. 

108,740 


84 

V.-Pr. John C. Calhoun, S. C. 



182 

Pres. Andrew Jackson, Tenn. 

153,544 

44,804 

99 

Pres. Henry Clay, Ky. 

47,136 


37 

Pres. William H. Crawford, Ga. 

46,618 


41 

V.-P. Nathan Sanford, N. Y. 



30 

V.-P. Nathaniel Macon, N. C. 



24 

V.-P. Andrew Jackson, Tenn. 



13 

V.-P. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. 



9 

V.-P. Henry Clay, Ky. 



2 


The election of 1824, was without precedent and is one of the most 
interesting political contests in the history of the United States. At this 
time the Federal Party had practically ceased to be. In the Electoral 
College there was no choice for President. The House of Representatives 
decided the issue as follows: Adams, 87; Jackson, 71; Crawford, 54. 
During the administration of Adams the political parties changed com¬ 
plexion and under their new titles and policies they continued for two or 
three decades. The selection of Adams instead of Jackson by the House 
was largely responsible for the upheaval. 


Dem. 

1828 

Pres. Andrew Jackson, Tenn. 

647,276 

139,212 178 

Dem. 

V.-Pr. John C. Calhoun, S. C. 


. 171 

Nat’l Rep. 

Pres. John Quincy Adams, Mass. 

508,064 

. 83 

Nat’l Rep. 

V.-P. Richard Rush, Pa. 


. 83 

Dem. 

V.-P. William Smith, S. C. 


. 7 


Dem, 

Pres. Andrew Jackson, Tenn. 

687,502 

57,313 219 

Dem. 

V.-Pr. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. 

• ••••• 

. 189 

Nat’l Rep. 

Pres. Henry Clay, Ky. 

530,189 

. 49 

Ind. 

Pres. John Floyd, Ga. 


. 11 

Anti-M’n 

Pres. William Wirt, Md. 


. 7 

Nat’l Rep. 

V.-P. John Sergeant, Pa. 


. 49 

Ind. 

V.-P. Henry Lee, Mass. 


. 11 

Anti-M’n 

V.-P. Amos Ellmaker, Pa. 


. 7 

Dem. 

V.-P. William Wilkins, Pa. 


. 30 


[ 22 ] 




















































Party 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Whig 

Whig 

Whig 

Whig 

Whig 

Whig 

Dem. 


1836 Popular Plural- Elect’l 

Vote ity Vote 

Pres. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. 762,670 27,027 170 

V.-Pr. Richard M. Johnson, Ky. . 147 

Pres. Wm. Henry Harrison, Ohio 735,651 . 73 

Pres. Hugh L. White, Tenn. . . 26 

Pres. Daniel Webster, Mass. . . 14 

Pres. Willie P. Mangum, N. C. . . 11 

V.-P. Francis Granger, N. Y. . .77 

V.-P. John Tyler, Va. . . 47 

V.-P. William Smith, Ala. . . 23 


The Whig Party was organized in 1834, and comprised most of those 
known under the name of National Republicans who had previously sup¬ 
ported Adams and Clay; the advocates of the American system; those 
known as Anti-Masons; many of Jackson’s partisans opposed to execu¬ 
tive autocracy and many who had not been active in politics. 

In the election of 1836, there was no choice for Vice-President and 
the Senate decided the contest as follows: Johnson, 33; Granger, 16. 


1840 


Whig Pres. William H. Harrison, O. 1,275,016 145,914 234 

Whig V.-Pr. John Tyler, Va. . 234 

Dem. Pres. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. 1,129,102 60 

Dem. V.-P. Richard M. Johnson, Ky. ...... 48 

Dem. V.-P. Littleton W. Tazewell, Va. . 11 

Dem. V.-P. James K. Polk, Tenn. . 1 


President Harrison’s term of office was brief. One month after taking 
the oath of office he passed away and Tyler became President. This was 
a fatal blow to the Whig Party, and as a result of the political dissen- 
tions of the times, the first presidential dark horse made his appearance 
in the person of James Iv. Polk. 


1844 


Dem. Pres. James K. Polk, Tenn. 1,337,243 38,181 170 

Dem. V.-Pr. George M. Dallas, Pa. . . 170 

Whig Pres. Henry Clay, Ky. 1,299,062 . 105 

Lib. Pres. James G. Birney, N. Y.’ 62,300 . 

Whig V.-P. T. Frelinghuysen, N. J. . . 105 


This election was attended by an interesting circumstance. Polk had 
but 38,181 votes over Clay, yet he received a majority of 65 votes in 
the Electoral College. 

1848 


Whig Fres. Zachary Taylor, La. 1,360,099 139,555 163 

Whig V.-Pr. Millard Fillmore, N. Y. . 163 

Dem. Pres. Lewis Cass, Mich. 1,220,544 127 

F. S. Pres. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. 291,263 . 

Dem. V.-P. Wm. O. Butler, Ky. . 127 


[ 23 ] 










































Party 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Whig 

Whig 


1852 Popular Plural- Elect’l 


Vote ity Vote 

Pres. Franklin Pierce, N. H. 1,601,274 214,694 254 

V.-Pr. W. R. King, Ala. . 254 

Pres. Winfield Scott, N. J. 1,386,580 . 42 

Pres. John P. Hale, N. H. 155,825 . 

V.-P. W. A. Graham, N. C. . . 42 


1856 


Dem. 

Pres. James Buchanan, Pa. 

1,838,169 

496,905 174 

Dem. 

V.-Pr. J. C. Breckinridge, Ky. 


. 174 

Rep. 

Pres. John C. Fremont, Cal. 

1,341,264 

. 114 

Amer. 

Pres. Millard Fillmore, N. Y. 

874,538 

. 8 

Rep. 

V.-P. Wm. L. Dayton, N. J. 


. 114 

Amer. 

V.-P. A. J. Donelson, Tenn. 


. 8 


1860 


Rep. 

Pres. Abraham Lincoln, Ill. 

1,866,452 

491,295 180 

Rep. 

V.-Pr. Hannibal Hamlin, Me. 


. 180 

Dem. 

Pres. Stephen A. Douglas, Ill. 

1,375,157 

. 12 

Dem. 

Pres. J. C. Breckinridge, Ky. 

847,953 

. 72 

Union 

Pres. John Bell, Tenn. 

590,631 

. 39 

Dem. 

V.-P. H. V. Johnson, Ga. 


. 12 

Dem. 

V.-P. Joseph Lane, Ore. 


. 13 

Union 

V.-P. Edward Everett, Mass. 


. 39 



1864 


Rep. 

Pres. Abraham Lincoln, Ill. 2,213,665 

411,428 212 

Rep. 

V.-Pr. Andrew Johnson, Tenn. . 

. 212 

Dem. 

Pres. George B. McClellan, N.J. 1,802,237 

. 21 

Dem. 

V.-P. George H. Pendleton, Ohio . 

. 21 


Rep. 

1868 

Pres. Ulysses S. Grant, Ill. 

3,015,071 

305,456 214 

Rep. 

V.-Pr. Schuyler Colfax, Ind. 

. 214 


Pres. Horatio Seymour 

2,709,615 

. 80 


V.-P. F. P. Blair, Jr., Mo. 

. 80 


[ 24 ] 





































Party 

Rep. 

Rep. 

D. & Lib. 

Dem. 

Temp. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Ind. 

D. & Lib. 
Dem. 
Temp. 
Lib. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Lib. 


1872 Popular 

Vote 

Pres. Ulysses S. Grant, Ill. 3,597,132 

V.-Pr. Henry Wilson, Mass. . 

Pres. Horace Greeley, N. Y. 2,834,125 
Pres. Charles O’Conor, N. Y. 29,489 

Pres. James Black, Pa. 5,608 


Pres. Thomas A. Hendricks, Ind. 
Pres. B. Gratz Brown, Mo. 

Pres. Charles J. Jenkins, Ga. 
Pres. David Davis, Ill. 

V.-P. B. Gratz Brown, Mo. 

V.-P. John Q. Adams, Mass. 
V.-P. John Russell, Mich. 

V.-P. George W. Julian, Ind. 
V.-P. A. H. Colquitt, Ga. 

V.-P. John M. Palmer, Ill. 

V.-P. T. E. Bramlette, Ky. 

V.-P. W. S. Groesbeck, Ohio 
V.-P. Willis B. Machen, Ky. 
V.-P. N. P. Banks, Mass. 


Plural- Elect’l 
ity Vote 
763,007 286 

. 286 


42 

18 

2 

1 

47 


5 

5 

8 

3 

1 

1 

1 


1876 


Rep. Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes, O. 4,033,768 

Rep. V.-Pr. William A. Wheeler, N.Y. 

Dem. Pres. Samuel J. Tilden, N. Y. 4,285,992 

Greenback Pres. Peter Cooper, N. Y. 81,737 

Prohib. Pres. Green C. Smith, Ky. 9,522 

Amer. Pres. James B. Walker, Ill. 2,636 

Dem. V.-P. T. A. Hendricks, Ind. . 

Greenback V.-P. Samuel F. Carey, O. . 

Prohib. V.-P. Gideon T. Stewart, O. . 

Amer. V.-P. D. Kirkpatrick, N. Y. . 


252,224 


185 

185 

184 


184 


The financial panic of 1873 was the cause of an unusual contest in 
this election, giving rise to the Greenback or Independent Party. In the 
election Tilden led with a safe plurality and even the Republican press 
conceded the election. Between Election Day and the inauguration of 
Hayes extraordinary excitement prevailed. In many states great bitter¬ 
ness arose and the charge of fraud was quite general, while attempts 
were made to disqualify electors. A tribunal was agreed upon composed 
of representatives from both parties divided as evenly as possible, which 
resulted in the Electoral Commission Law of 1877, to provide for and 
regulate the counting of votes for Presidential candidates. The electoral 
count began February 1, 1877, the commission refusing to go behind the 
returns. Thirty-eight states were as many bones of contention and it 
took a week or more in some cases to settle disputes. On March 2nd, the 
final vote was reached amid great excitement, giving Hayes the election 
by one electoral vote. 


[ 25 ] 
















































Party 

1880 

Popular 

Vote 

Plural¬ 

ity 

Elect’1 
Vote 

Rep. 

Pres. James A. Garfield, O. 

4,449,053 

7,018 

214 

Rep. 

V.-Pr. Chester A. Arthur, N. Y 

. 


214 

Dem. 

Pres. Winfield S. Hancock, Pa. 

4,442,035 


155 

Greenback 

Pres. James B. Weaver, la. 

307,306 


• • 

Prohib. 

Pres. Neal Dow, Me. 

10,305 


• • 

Amer. 

Pres. John W. Phelps, Vt. 

707 


• • 

Dem. 

V.-P. Wm. H. English, Ind. 



155 

Greenback 

V.-P. B. J. Chambers, Tex. 



• • 

Prohib. 

V.-P. H. A. Thompson, 0. 



. • 

Amer. 

V.-P. S. C. Pomeroy, Kan. 





Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Prohib. 

Greenback 

Atner. 

Rep. 

Prohib. 

Greenback 


.1884 

Pres. Grover Cleveland, N. Y. 4,911,017 

V.-Pr. Thomas A. Hendricks, Ind. 

Pres. James G. Blaine, Me. 4,848,334 

Pres. John P. St. John, Kan. 151,809 

Pres. Benj. F. Butler, Mass. 133,825 

Pres. P. D. Wigginton, Cal. . 

V.-P. John A. Logan, Ill. . 

V.-P. Wm. Daniel, Me. . 

V.-P. A. M. West, Miss. . 


62,683 219 

. 219 

. 182 


182 


Rep. 

1888 

Pres. Benjamin Harrison, Ind. 

5,440,216 

. 233 

Rep. 

V.-Pr. Levi P. Morton, N. Y. 


. 233 

Dem. 

Pres. Grover Cleveland, N. Y. 

5,538,233 

98,017 168 

Prohib. 

Pres. Clinton B. Fisk, N. J. 

249,907 

trtttt , , 

U. L. 

Pres. Alson J. Streeter, Ill. 

148,105 

t r » T » * 


Pres. R. H. Cowdry, Ill. 

2,808 


Amer. 

Pres. James J. Curtis, N. Y. 

1,591 

...... . # 

Dem. 

V.-P. Allen G. Thurman, O. 


. 168 

Prohib. 

V.-P. John A. Brooks, Mo. 



U. L. 

V.-P. C. E. Cunningham, Ark. 


...... * - 


V.-P. W. H. T. Wakefield, Kan. 



Amer. 

V.-P. James B. Greer, Tenn. 


...... . . 


[ 26 ] 














































Party 

1892 

Popular 

Plural- 

Elect’l 

Vote 

ity 

Vote 

Dem. 

Pres. Grover Cleveland, N. Y. 

5,556,918 

380,810 

277 

Dem. 

V.-Pr. Adlai E. Stevenson, Ill. 

277 

Rep. 

Pres. Benjamin Harrison, Ind. 

5,176,108 


145 

Peoples 

Pres. James B. Weaver, la. 

1,041,028 


22 

Prohib. 

Pres. John Bidwell, Cal. 

264,135 



S. L. 

Pres. Simon Wing, Mass. 

21,164 


. # 

Rep. 

V.-P. Whitelaw Reid, N. Y. 


145 

Peoples 

V.-P. James G. Field, Va. 



22 

Prohib. 

V.-P. James B. Cranfill, Tex. 



, , 

S. L. 

V.-P. Charles H. Matchett, N. Y. 




Rep. 

1896 

Pres. William McKinley, O. 

7,104,779 

601,854 

271 

Rep. 

V.-Pr. Garret A. Hobart, N. J. 



271 

Dem.- 

Peoples 

Pres. William J. Bryan, Neb. 

6,502,925 


176 

Prohib. 

Pres. Joshua Levering, Md. 

132,007 


. . 

Nat. Dem. 

Pres. John M. Palmer, Ill. 

133,148 


, . 

S. L. 

Pres. Chas. H. Matchett, N. Y. 

36,274 



Nat’l. 

Pres. Chas. E. Bentley, Neb. 

13,969 



Dem. 

V.-P. Arthur Sewall, Me. 



149 

Peoples 

V.-P. Thomas E. Watson, Ga. 



27 

Prohib. 

V.-P. Hale Johnson, Ill. 



, , 

Nat. Dem. 

V.-P. Simon B. Buckner, Ky. 




S. L. 

V.-P. Matthew Maguire, N. J. 




Nat’l. 

V.-P. James H. Southgate, N. C. 




Rep. 

1900 

Pres. William McKinley, 0. 

7,207,923 

849,790 

292 

Rep. 

V.-Pr. Theodore Roosevelt, N. Y. 


292 

Dem.- 

Peoples 

Pres. William J. Bryan, Neb. 

6,358,133 


155 

Prohib. 

Pres. John G. Woolley, Ill. 

208,914 


. . 

M. P. 

Pres. Wharton Barker, Pa. 

50,373 



S. Dem. 

Pres. Eugene V. Debs, Ind. 

87,814 



S. L. 

Pres. Joseph F. Malloney, Mass. 

39,739 


. . 

U. C. 

Pres. J. F. R. Leonard, la. 

1,059 



U. R. 

Pres. Seth H. Ellis, 0. 

5,698 



Dem.* 

Peoples 

V.-P. Adlai Stevenson, Ill. 



155 

Prohib. 

V.-P. Henry B. Metcalf, 0. 



. . 

M. P. 

V.-P. I. Donnelly, Minn. 



. - 

S, Dem. 

V.-P. Job Harriman, Cal. 



.. 

S. L. 

V.-P. V. Remmel, Pa. 



.. 

U. C. 

V.-P. John G. Woolley, Ill. 



.. 

U. R. 

V.-P. S. T. Nicholson, Pa. 



. • 


[ 27 ] 


























































Party 

1904 

Popular Plural- 
Vote ity 

Elect’l 

Vote 

Rep. 

Pres. Theo. Roosevelt, N. Y. 

7,623,486 2,545,515 

336 

Rep. 

V.-Pr. Chas. W. Fairbanks, Ind. 


336 

Dem. 

Pres. Alton B. Parker, N. Y. 

5,077,911 . 

140 

Soc. 

Pres. Eugene V. Debs, Ind. 

402,283 . 

• • 

Prohib. 

Pres. Silas C. Swallow, Pa. 

258,536 . 

• • 

Peoples 

Pres. Thomas E. Watson, Ga. 

117,183 . 

• • 

S. L. 

Pres. Charles H. Corrigan, N. Y. 

31,249 . 

• • 

Dem. 

V.-P. Henry G. Davis, W. Va. 


140 

Soc. 

V.-P. Benj. Hanford, N. Y. 


• • 

Prohib. 

V.-P. G. W. Carroll, Tex. 


• . 

Peoples 

V.-P. T. H. Tibbies, Neb. 


• • 

S. L. 

V.-P. Wm. W. Cox, HI. 


•. 


1908 


Rep. 

Pres. William H. Taft, O. 

7,678,908 1,269,804 

321 

Rep. 

V.-Pr. James S. Sherman, N. Y. 


321 

Dem. 

Pres. William J. Bryan, Neb. 

6,409,104 . 

162 

Soc. 

Pres. Eugene V. Debs, Ind. 

420,793 . 

• « 

Prohib. 

Pres. Eugene W. Chafin, Ariz. 

253,840 . 

• • 

Peoples 

Pres. Thomas E. Watson, Ga. 

29,100 . 

• • 

S. L. 

Pres. Augustus Gillhaus, N. Y. 

13,825 . 

• • 

Ind. 

Pres. Thomas L. Hisgen, Mass. 

82,872 . 

. * 

Dem. 

V.-P. John W. Kern, Ind. 


162 

Soc. 

V.-P. Benj. Hanford, N. Y. 


# , 

Prohib. 

V.-P. A. S. Watkins, O. 


, # 

Peoples 

V.-P. Samuel Williams, Ind. 


, # 

S. L. 

V.-P. Donald Monro, Va. 


i # 

Ind. 

V.-P. John Temple Graves, Ga. 


• • 


1912 

Dem. Pres. Woodrow Wilson, N. J. 6,293,019 2,173,512 435 


Dem. V.-Pr. Thomas R. Marshall, Ind. . 435 

Rep. Pres. William H. Taft, O. 3,484,956 8 

Prog. Pres. Theodore Roosevelt, N.Y. 4,119,507 88 

Soc. Pres. Eugene V. Debs, Ind. 901,873 . 

Proliib. Pres. Eugene W. Chafin, Ariz. 207,928 . 

S. L. Pres. A. E. Reimer, Mass. 29,259 . 

Rep. V.-P. Nicholas M. Butler, N. Y. . 8 

Prog. V.-P. Hiram W. Johnson, Cal. . 88 

Soc. V.-P. Emil Seidel, Wis. . . 

Prohib. V.-P. A. S. Watkins, O. . . 

S. L. V.-P. Augustus Gillhaus, N. Y. . . 


[ 28 ] 

























































Party 

Dem. 

Pres. 

Dem. 

V.-Pr. 

Rep. 

Pres. 

Soc. 

Pres. 

Prohib. 

Pres. 

S. L. 

Pres. 

Rep. 

V.-P. 

Soc. 

V.-P. 

Prohib. 

V.-P. 

S. L. 

V.-P. 


1916 Popular 

Vote 

Woodrow Wilson, N. J. 9,129,269 

Thomas R. Marshall, Ind. 

Charles E. Hughes, N. Y. 8,547,328 
Allan J. Benson, N. Y. 590,579 

J. F. Hanly, Ind. 221,329 

A. E. Reimer, Mass. 14,180 

Charles W. Fairbanks, Ind. 

George R. Kirkpatrick, N. J. 

Ira Landrith, Mass. . 

Caleb Harrison, Ill. . 


Plural- Elect’l 
ity Vote 

581,941 277 

. 277 

. 254 


254 


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